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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2008-12-04 14:45
Ear Canal Transfer Functions (ECTFs) in Listening through Headphones
Ryouichi Nishimura, Hironori Takemoto, Hiroaki Kato (NICT/ATR) EA2008-104
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) are usually defined as transfer functions from a sound source at various locations to the entrance of the ear canals. However, for authentic reproduction of auditory perception the sound pressure at the eardrums should be the perceptually same as that that would be realized in a real environment. We, therefore, investigated the relationship between sound pressure at the entrance of the ear canal and the eardrum when wearing headphones. According to the results of measurements using HATS, the ratio of sound pressure levels at the entrance of the ear canal and the eardrum differs among different headphones. Computer simulations modeling a human ear wearing a headphone showed that the variation becomes large at both the resonance frequency and its harmonics. Listening tests of masking were also conducted to see if such tendency is observed for real human ears. The results of the listening tests showed that the variation in the observed masking among different headphones seems dependent on the frequency of maskee.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) sound space / ear canal transfer function / headphone / masking / / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 108, no. 333, EA2008-104, pp. 19-24, Dec. 2008.
Paper # EA2008-104 
Date of Issue 2008-11-27 (EA) 
ISSN Print edition: ISSN 0913-5685    Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
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reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
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Conference Information
Committee EA  
Conference Date 2008-12-04 - 2008-12-05 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English)  
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
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Paper Information
Registration To EA 
Conference Code 2008-12-EA 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Ear Canal Transfer Functions (ECTFs) in Listening through Headphones 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) sound space  
Keyword(2) ear canal transfer function  
Keyword(3) headphone  
Keyword(4) masking  
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1st Author's Name Ryouichi Nishimura  
1st Author's Affiliation National Institute of Information and Communications Technology / Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (NICT/ATR)
2nd Author's Name Hironori Takemoto  
2nd Author's Affiliation National Institute of Information and Communications Technology / Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (NICT/ATR)
3rd Author's Name Hiroaki Kato  
3rd Author's Affiliation National Institute of Information and Communications Technology / Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (NICT/ATR)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2008-12-04 14:45:00 
Presentation Time 30 minutes 
Registration for EA 
Paper # EA2008-104 
Volume (vol) vol.108 
Number (no) no.333 
Page pp.19-24 
#Pages 6 
Date of Issue 2008-11-27 (EA) 

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