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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2010-10-22 11:35
Effects of pinna surface pressures on head-related transfer functions
Makoto Otani (Shinshu Univ.), Yukio Iwaya, Yo-iti Suzuki (Tohoku Univ.), Kazunori Itoh (Shinshu Univ.) EA2010-75
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) play a crucial role in sound localization by human auditory system. Many researchers have developed virtual auditory displays (VADs) which present virtual sound sources synthesized with HRTF-based audio signal processing. However, HRTFs have strong individuality caused by individual variations in head and pinna shapes. Therefore, an ideal 3D auditory space synthesis using HRTFs necessitates personal HRTF measurements or simulations, thereby degrading the versatility of such HRTF-based VADs. To solve this problem, it should be clarified how HRTF individual variation relates to physical mechanisms that yield spectral notches and peaks depending on a pinna shape. Researchers have therefore investigated the relation between HRTFs and the pinna shape using measurements of real and artificial heads or ear replicas. In this study, surface pressures on a pinna and HRTFs are calculated using the boundary element method (BEM) for various sound source elevation angles. Each boundary element on the surface can be regarded as a virtual source radiating a sound wave corresponding to a reflection from the surface region, thereby enabling direct observation of pinna’s effects on HRTFs. Numerical results demonstrate the extent to which each part of a pinna contributes to a production of HRTF spectral notches and peaks depending on the source elevation. Furthermore, the results demonstrate various distribution patterns of pinna surface pressure with frequency even for spectral notches whose appearing frequencies continuously vary depending on source elevation, suggesting diverse production mechanisms of such continuous spectral notches.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Head-related transfer functions / Boundary element method / Pinna / Surface pressure / / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 110, no. 239, EA2010-75, pp. 103-108, Oct. 2010.
Paper # EA2010-75 
Date of Issue 2010-10-14 (EA) 
ISSN Print edition: ISSN 0913-5685    Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Download PDF EA2010-75

Conference Information
Committee EA  
Conference Date 2010-10-21 - 2010-10-22 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Kanazawa-city Omi-cho Koryu Plaza 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) General Topics 
Paper Information
Registration To EA 
Conference Code 2010-10-EA 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Effects of pinna surface pressures on head-related transfer functions 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) Head-related transfer functions  
Keyword(2) Boundary element method  
Keyword(3) Pinna  
Keyword(4) Surface pressure  
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1st Author's Name Makoto Otani  
1st Author's Affiliation Shinshu University (Shinshu Univ.)
2nd Author's Name Yukio Iwaya  
2nd Author's Affiliation Tohoku University (Tohoku Univ.)
3rd Author's Name Yo-iti Suzuki  
3rd Author's Affiliation Tohoku University (Tohoku Univ.)
4th Author's Name Kazunori Itoh  
4th Author's Affiliation Shinshu University (Shinshu Univ.)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2010-10-22 11:35:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for EA 
Paper # EA2010-75 
Volume (vol) vol.110 
Number (no) no.239 
Page pp.103-108 
#Pages 6 
Date of Issue 2010-10-14 (EA) 

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