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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2017-01-28 14:50
Spontaneous concern and informing by 1.5-year-old infants reflects their understanding of others' epistemic states. -- Experiment from third person's view. --
Xianwei Meng, Yusuke Uto, Kazuhide Hashiya (Kyushu Univ./JSPS) HCS2016-86
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Not only responding to direct social actions toward themselves, infants also pay attention to relevant information from third-party interactions ; for example, they learn new words from observing conversations of the others. However, it is unclear whether and how infants recognize the structure of these interactions. The current study aimed to investigate infants’ observation of third-party attentional relationships and whether they influence the infants’ subsequent gaze following (a reflexive tendency to follow others’ gaze, considered to be essential to learning and social interactions). Nine-month-old, 1-year-old, and 1.5-year-old infants (N = 72, 37 girls) observed video clips in which a female actor gazed at one of two toys after she and her partner either silently faced each other (face-to-face condition) or looked in opposite directions (back-to-back condition). An eye tracker was used to record the infants’ looking behavior (e.g., looking time, looking frequency). The analyses revealed that younger infants followed the actor’s gaze toward the target object in both conditions, but this was not the case for the 1.5-year-old infants in the back-to-back condition. Furthermore, we found that infants’ gaze following could be negatively predicted by their expectation of the partner’s response to the actor’s head turn (i.e., they shift their gaze toward the partner immediately after they realize that the actor’s head will turn). These findings suggested that the sensitivity to the difference in knowledge and attentional states in the second year of human life could be extended to third-party interactions, even without any direct involvement in the situation. Additionally, a spontaneous concern with the epistemic gap between self and other, as well as between others, develops by this age. These processes might be considered part of the fundamental basis for human communication.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) infant / gaze following / shared attention / third-party / epistemic states / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 116, no. 436, HCS2016-86, pp. 157-160, Jan. 2017.
Paper # HCS2016-86 
Date of Issue 2017-01-20 (HCS) 
ISSN Print edition: ISSN 0913-5685    Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Notes on Review This article is a technical report without peer review, and its polished version will be published elsewhere.
Download PDF HCS2016-86

Conference Information
Committee HCS  
Conference Date 2017-01-27 - 2017-01-28 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Namiki Square 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) Psychology and Life-stage of Communication, etc. 
Paper Information
Registration To HCS 
Conference Code 2017-01-HCS 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Spontaneous concern and informing by 1.5-year-old infants reflects their understanding of others' epistemic states. 
Sub Title (in English) Experiment from third person's view. 
Keyword(1) infant  
Keyword(2) gaze following  
Keyword(3) shared attention  
Keyword(4) third-party  
Keyword(5) epistemic states  
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1st Author's Name Xianwei Meng  
1st Author's Affiliation Kyushu University (Kyushu Univ./JSPS)
2nd Author's Name Yusuke Uto  
2nd Author's Affiliation Kyushu University (Kyushu Univ./JSPS)
3rd Author's Name Kazuhide Hashiya  
3rd Author's Affiliation Kyushu University (Kyushu Univ./JSPS)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2017-01-28 14:50:00 
Presentation Time 20 minutes 
Registration for HCS 
Paper # HCS2016-86 
Volume (vol) vol.116 
Number (no) no.436 
Page pp.157-160 
#Pages 4 
Date of Issue 2017-01-20 (HCS) 

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