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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2018-01-29 15:30
Note estimation by contaminated normal distribution for audio watermarking method using non-negative matrix factorization
Harumi Murata (Chukyo Univ.), Akio Ogihara (Kindai Univ.) EMM2017-69
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) For audio signals, the sound quality of stego signal should not deteriorate. With current methods, high sound quality means that the difference between the host and stego signals is small. On the other hand, high sound quality means that the sound quality of stego signal is maintained as music even if another sound, not in the host signal, is perceived in this paper. According to this definition, we have been proposed the embedding method using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). NMF is an algorithm that factorizes a non-negative matrix that is an amplitude spectrogram of host signal into two non-negative matrices that corresponds to the spectral patterns of the host signal and the activation of each spectrum. In previous work, the played notes are estimated from the factorized activation coefficients, and the watermarks are embedded by operating the estimated activation coefficients. However, there is a problem that the watermarks can be extracted correctly because of the difference of the note estimation result between the embedding and extracting processes. This is caused by the change of signals according to various attacks including MP3 compression. Therefore, we propose a note estimation by contaminated normal distribution such that the robuster note estimation can be implemented even if the stego signal is modified by various attacks.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Audio Watermarking / Non-negative Matrix Factorization / Normal Mixture Distribution / / / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 117, no. 425, EMM2017-69, pp. 19-24, Jan. 2018.
Paper # EMM2017-69 
Date of Issue 2018-01-22 (EMM) 
ISSN Print edition: ISSN 0913-5685    Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
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Conference Information
Committee EMM  
Conference Date 2018-01-29 - 2018-01-30 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Tohoku Univ. (Aobayama Campus) 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) Sense of Presence, Universal Media, Digital Entertainment, etc. 
Paper Information
Registration To EMM 
Conference Code 2018-01-EMM 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Note estimation by contaminated normal distribution for audio watermarking method using non-negative matrix factorization 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) Audio Watermarking  
Keyword(2) Non-negative Matrix Factorization  
Keyword(3) Normal Mixture Distribution  
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1st Author's Name Harumi Murata  
1st Author's Affiliation Chukyo University (Chukyo Univ.)
2nd Author's Name Akio Ogihara  
2nd Author's Affiliation Kindai University (Kindai Univ.)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2018-01-29 15:30:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for EMM 
Paper # EMM2017-69 
Volume (vol) vol.117 
Number (no) no.425 
Page pp.19-24 
#Pages 6 
Date of Issue 2018-01-22 (EMM) 

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