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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2018-06-25 13:25
Calculating Similarity between IoT Malware Samples over CPU Architectures
Ryoichi Isawa, Tao Ban (NICT), Ying Tie (YNU), Katsunari Yoshioka (YNU/NICT), Daisuke Inoue (NICT) IA2018-2 ICSS2018-2
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Malware samples infecting IoT (Internet of Things) devices such as Web cameras and
home routers have spread over the Internet. Those samples are often generated by
reusing source code to run on various CPU architectures (e.g., ARM and MIPS) of IoT
devices, and they behave similar, but their binaries vary because of different ISAs
(Instruction Set Architecture). Even if analysts simply compare the malware binaries,
they cannot find out similar samples from their malware repository. In this
paper, we propose a method for calculating similarity
between malware samples running on different CPU architectures. A key idea behind
our method is to convert each malware binary into an intermediate representation
to fill the gap between different ISAs. It then calculates their similarity based on
the intermediate representation. With experiments using twelve in-the-wild malware
samples (Mirai-ARM/MIPS and Bashlite-ARM/MIPS samples), we evaluated effectiveness
of our method. Although the number of samples was not sufficient, this
paper shows a future direction for calculating the similarity.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Internet of Things / Malware analysis / Intermediate representation / N-gram / Jaccard similarity / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 118, no. 109, ICSS2018-2, pp. 7-12, June 2018.
Paper # ICSS2018-2 
Date of Issue 2018-06-18 (IA, ICSS) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Download PDF IA2018-2 ICSS2018-2

Conference Information
Committee ICSS IA  
Conference Date 2018-06-25 - 2018-06-26 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Ehime University 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) Internet Security, etc. 
Paper Information
Registration To ICSS 
Conference Code 2018-06-ICSS-IA 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Calculating Similarity between IoT Malware Samples over CPU Architectures 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) Internet of Things  
Keyword(2) Malware analysis  
Keyword(3) Intermediate representation  
Keyword(4) N-gram  
Keyword(5) Jaccard similarity  
Keyword(6)  
Keyword(7)  
Keyword(8)  
1st Author's Name Ryoichi Isawa  
1st Author's Affiliation NICT (NICT)
2nd Author's Name Tao Ban  
2nd Author's Affiliation NICT (NICT)
3rd Author's Name Ying Tie  
3rd Author's Affiliation Yokohama National University (YNU)
4th Author's Name Katsunari Yoshioka  
4th Author's Affiliation Yokohama National University/NICT (YNU/NICT)
5th Author's Name Daisuke Inoue  
5th Author's Affiliation NICT (NICT)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2018-06-25 13:25:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for ICSS 
Paper # IA2018-2, ICSS2018-2 
Volume (vol) vol.118 
Number (no) no.108(IA), no.109(ICSS) 
Page pp.7-12 
#Pages 6 
Date of Issue 2018-06-18 (IA, ICSS) 

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