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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2024-04-19 16:25
Non-Destructive Hardware Trojan Inspection by Backside Near Infrared Imaging
Junichi Sakamoto, Yohei Hori, Shinichi Kawamura (AIST), Yuichi Hayashi (NAIST), Makoto Nagata (KU) HWS2024-5
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Hardware Trojan detection is a critical topic for maintaining the security of IC supply chain. Previous studies have reported some HT detection methods by reverse engineering manufactured chips, extracting design data, and comparing it with golden design data that is verified to be free of HT. However, there is a problem in terms of inspection time because time-consuming, high-resolution methods such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) must be used to accurately extract the structure of submicron order ICs. Typically, the inspector does not know where the HT is placed on the chip, and it takes an unrealistic amount of time to scan the entire chip with SEM to reconstruct the design data. In addition, SEM inspection involves destructive processes such as delayering. The inspector must identify chips suspected of HT insertion before inspection. In this paper, we propose an HT detection flow with a screening process that identifies suspected HT-inserted chips and the location of HT insertion prior to a high-resolution imaging process such as SEM. The screening process observes transistor layers by near-infrared (NIR) imaging from the backside of the IC and quickly and non-destructively detects additional logic cells laid out from the HT trigger circuit insertion. Although NIR is not suitable for observing microstructures such as the bottom wire layers due to its optical limitation, its resolution is sufficient to detect large structural changes such as groups of multiple logic cells. In the experiment, backside NIR observation was performed on a TEG chip fabricated with a 180 nm process. We show that logic cells of a certain size, such as FFs, can be resolved by NIR imaging.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Hardware Trojan / SEM / Optical microscopy / Infrared / Non-destructive / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 124, no. 6, HWS2024-5, pp. 18-23, April 2024.
Paper # HWS2024-5 
Date of Issue 2024-04-12 (HWS) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
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reproduction
All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
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Conference Information
Committee HWS  
Conference Date 2024-04-19 - 2024-04-19 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English)  
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English)  
Paper Information
Registration To HWS 
Conference Code 2024-04-HWS 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Non-Destructive Hardware Trojan Inspection by Backside Near Infrared Imaging 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) Hardware Trojan  
Keyword(2) SEM  
Keyword(3) Optical microscopy  
Keyword(4) Infrared  
Keyword(5) Non-destructive  
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Keyword(7)  
Keyword(8)  
1st Author's Name Junichi Sakamoto  
1st Author's Affiliation National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
2nd Author's Name Yohei Hori  
2nd Author's Affiliation National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
3rd Author's Name Shinichi Kawamura  
3rd Author's Affiliation National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
4th Author's Name Yuichi Hayashi  
4th Author's Affiliation †Nara Institute of Science and Technology, (NAIST)
5th Author's Name Makoto Nagata  
5th Author's Affiliation Kobe University (KU)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2024-04-19 16:25:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for HWS 
Paper # HWS2024-5 
Volume (vol) vol.124 
Number (no) no.6 
Page pp.18-23 
#Pages
Date of Issue 2024-04-12 (HWS) 


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