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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2026-01-29 13:45
A Preliminary Study on the Sense of Achievement and Difficulty in Three-Dimensional Surface Mazes -- Exploratory Comparison of Physical and AR-Based Maze Tasks --
Yoshinori Imai (JFOP), Hirotake Yamazoe (Univ. of Hyogo), Tomoko Yonezawa (Kansai Univ.) MVE2025-25
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) In this study, we focused on the fact that three-dimensional surface mazes (3D mazes), which have a spatial structure, demand higher-level cognitive processing abilities such as spatial cognition and problem-solving compared to conventional two-dimensional mazes. We examined their potential effects on children’s intellectual development and on maintaining and improving cognitive functions in older adults. Although the number of participants was limited to 24, which restricts statistical significance, a comparison between the already proven two-dimensional mazes and three-dimensional surface mazes showed that the latter scored significantly higher across seven items, including “escape time,” “difficulty,” and “novelty.” Furthermore, within the three-dimensional surface mazes, the cubic type scored higher than the rectangular type in terms of difficulty, sense of achievement, novelty, escape time, route deviation, and unnecessary rotations. Additionally, AR mazes demonstrated higher values than physical mazes in novelty, escape time, and route deviation. This study serves as a foundational investigation for designing educational tools and dementia-prevention resources.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) 3D surface maze / spatial cognition / box maze AR / educational / dementia prevention / 3D maze / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 125, no. 349, MVE2025-25, pp. 7-12, Jan. 2026.
Paper # MVE2025-25 
Date of Issue 2026-01-22 (MVE) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
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All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
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Conference Information
Committee PRMU IPSJ-CVIM VRSJ-SIG-MR MVE  
Conference Date 2026-01-29 - 2026-01-30 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English)  
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English)  
Paper Information
Registration To MVE 
Conference Code 2026-01-PRMU-CVIM-SIG-MR-MVE 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) A Preliminary Study on the Sense of Achievement and Difficulty in Three-Dimensional Surface Mazes 
Sub Title (in English) Exploratory Comparison of Physical and AR-Based Maze Tasks 
Keyword(1) 3D surface maze  
Keyword(2) spatial cognition  
Keyword(3) box maze AR  
Keyword(4) educational  
Keyword(5) dementia prevention  
Keyword(6) 3D maze  
Keyword(7)  
Keyword(8)  
1st Author's Name Yoshinori Imai  
1st Author's Affiliation J.FRONT ONE PARTNER (JFOP)
2nd Author's Name Hirotake Yamazoe  
2nd Author's Affiliation Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo (Univ. of Hyogo)
3rd Author's Name Tomoko Yonezawa  
3rd Author's Affiliation Kansai University Faculty of Informatics (Kansai Univ.)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2026-01-29 13:45:00 
Presentation Time 15 minutes 
Registration for MVE 
Paper # MVE2025-25 
Volume (vol) vol.125 
Number (no) no.349 
Page pp.7-12 
#Pages
Date of Issue 2026-01-22 (MVE) 


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