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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2026-03-04 16:45
Detecting Malicious MCP Servers by Correlating LLM-Agent Tool-Calling Logs with OS Audit Logs
Sota Yamasaki (Waseda Univ.), Toda Takaaki (Waseda Univ./RIKEN AIP), Tatsuya Mori (Waseda Univ./RIKEN AIP/NICT) ICSS2025-139
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) The Model Context Protocol (MCP) facilitates external tool use by LLM agents, but malicious MCP servers can disguise themselves as legitimate tools and introduce undeclared resource access or side effects (malicious behavior). This research aims to detect such behavior and improve agent safety. The proposed method targets tools involving local file system operations, recording tool invocation requests via a proxy between the MCP client and server as declaration information, and correlating them with execution traces in OS audit logs on a per-invocation basis. Malicious behavior is detected based on discrepancies between declarations and traces. Evaluation across 21 scenarios achieved Precision 1.00, Recall 0.81, and F1 score 0.90. However, 3 false negatives occurred in cases with no path discrepancy, such as attacks writing large amounts of data to declared files to compromise availability, clarifying the method’s scope and limitations
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) MCP / LLM Agents / Runtime Monitoring / Malicious Tool Detection / Audit Logs / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 125, no. 381, ICSS2025-139, pp. 402-409, March 2026.
Paper # ICSS2025-139 
Date of Issue 2026-02-24 (ICSS) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Download PDF ICSS2025-139

Conference Information
Committee ICSS IPSJ-SPT  
Conference Date 2026-03-03 - 2026-03-04 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Okinawa Prefectural Museum & Art Museum 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) Security, Trust, etc. 
Paper Information
Registration To ICSS 
Conference Code 2026-03-ICSS-SPT 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Detecting Malicious MCP Servers by Correlating LLM-Agent Tool-Calling Logs with OS Audit Logs 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) MCP  
Keyword(2) LLM Agents  
Keyword(3) Runtime Monitoring  
Keyword(4) Malicious Tool Detection  
Keyword(5) Audit Logs  
Keyword(6)  
Keyword(7)  
Keyword(8)  
1st Author's Name Sota Yamasaki  
1st Author's Affiliation Waseda University (Waseda Univ.)
2nd Author's Name Toda Takaaki  
2nd Author's Affiliation Waseda University/RIKEN AIP (Waseda Univ./RIKEN AIP)
3rd Author's Name Tatsuya Mori  
3rd Author's Affiliation Waseda University/RIKEN AIP/NICT (Waseda Univ./RIKEN AIP/NICT)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2026-03-04 16:45:00 
Presentation Time 20 minutes 
Registration for ICSS 
Paper # ICSS2025-139 
Volume (vol) vol.125 
Number (no) no.381 
Page pp.402-409 
#Pages 8 
Date of Issue 2026-02-24 (ICSS) 

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