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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2026-03-06 13:50
Blockchain Recording of Debate Logs for Multi-Agent Debate Systems
Ryosuke Hori, Takaaki Ynanagihara, Tetsuyasu Yamada (SUS) NS2025-319
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to information extraction and reasoning, their stochastic generation can cause output variability even for identical inputs, and their inference processes are difficult for third parties to directly observe―both of which pose operational challenges. To address these issues, multi-agent debate approaches (MAD), in which multiple LLM agents argue and their conclusions are aggregated, have been proposed; prior studies report improved accuracy and reduced hallucinations compared with a single agent. However, if debate logs in MAD are tampered with after the fact, the resulting system remains insufficient in terms of transparency and reproducibility. In this study, we design and implement a framework that records each utterance in a multi-agent debate system on a blockchain (BC) at the utterance level, enabling third parties to verify log integrity by querying transaction hashes. Concretely, we develop smart contracts on the Injective Testnet to store debate logs on-chain and validate system operation by measuring execution time and transaction fees. Ultimately, we aim to build a debate infrastructure with integrity and auditability of debate logs, thereby improving the transparency and verifiability required for deploying MAD in practice.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Blockchain / Decentralized Applications / Large Language Model / Multi-Agent Debate / / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 125, no. 385, NS2025-319, pp. 575-580, March 2026.
Paper # NS2025-319 
Date of Issue 2026-02-25 (NS) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Download PDF NS2025-319

Conference Information
Committee IN NS  
Conference Date 2026-03-04 - 2026-03-06 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Okinawa-Ken Shichoson Jichi Kaikan 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) General 
Paper Information
Registration To NS 
Conference Code 2026-03-IN-NS 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Blockchain Recording of Debate Logs for Multi-Agent Debate Systems 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) Blockchain  
Keyword(2) Decentralized Applications  
Keyword(3) Large Language Model  
Keyword(4) Multi-Agent Debate  
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1st Author's Name Ryosuke Hori  
1st Author's Affiliation Suwa University of Science (SUS)
2nd Author's Name Takaaki Ynanagihara  
2nd Author's Affiliation Suwa University of Science (SUS)
3rd Author's Name Tetsuyasu Yamada  
3rd Author's Affiliation Suwa University of Science (SUS)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2026-03-06 13:50:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for NS 
Paper # NS2025-319 
Volume (vol) vol.125 
Number (no) no.385 
Page pp.575-580 
#Pages 6 
Date of Issue 2026-02-25 (NS) 

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