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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2026-05-15 14:10
Design and Implementation of a Continuously Operable Indoor People Flow and Crowdedness Estimation System Using BLE Advertising Packets
Kotaro Hayashi, Taito Yoshimura (Okayama Univ.), Koki Tachibana, Kenro Go (SoftBank), Riku Teraoka, Ren Hosokawa, Hirohiko Suwa (NAIST), Yuki Matsuda (Okayama Univ.) SeMI2026-9
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) In recent years, understanding indoor people flow and crowdedness has become essential for advancing store management and marketing strategies. Estimation methods utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) are expected as a cost-effective and privacy-conscious approach. However, building estimation models is required to address recent MAC address randomization and achieve higher accuracy. Many existing methods separate data collection and model construction from operation, requiring pre-deployment efforts in target environments and failing to adapt to layout shifts during long-term use.
To address these challenges, this study developed a system that decouples operational estimation from asynchronous model updates executed outside business hours. This system enables estimation models to be continuously updated and adapted on the cloud using ground-truth data collected during operation. Additionally, by introducing hashing with dynamic salt, we achieved a secure design that avoids storing raw MAC addresses, ensuring cross-sensor device identification while maintaining social acceptance.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Smart City / People Flow Estimation / Crowdedness Estimation / Indoor Environments / Bluetooth Low Energy / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 126, no. 15, SeMI2026-9, pp. 45-50, May 2026.
Paper # SeMI2026-9 
Date of Issue 2026-05-07 (SeMI) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
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Conference Information
Committee SeMI IPSJ-MBL IPSJ-ITS IPSJ-DPS  
Conference Date 2026-05-13 - 2026-05-15 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English)  
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English)  
Paper Information
Registration To SeMI 
Conference Code 2026-05-SeMI-MBL-ITS-DPS 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Design and Implementation of a Continuously Operable Indoor People Flow and Crowdedness Estimation System Using BLE Advertising Packets 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) Smart City  
Keyword(2) People Flow Estimation  
Keyword(3) Crowdedness Estimation  
Keyword(4) Indoor Environments  
Keyword(5) Bluetooth Low Energy  
Keyword(6)  
Keyword(7)  
Keyword(8)  
1st Author's Name Kotaro Hayashi  
1st Author's Affiliation Okayama University (Okayama Univ.)
2nd Author's Name Taito Yoshimura  
2nd Author's Affiliation Okayama University (Okayama Univ.)
3rd Author's Name Koki Tachibana  
3rd Author's Affiliation SoftBank Corp. (SoftBank)
4th Author's Name Kenro Go  
4th Author's Affiliation SoftBank Corp. (SoftBank)
5th Author's Name Riku Teraoka  
5th Author's Affiliation Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
6th Author's Name Ren Hosokawa  
6th Author's Affiliation Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
7th Author's Name Hirohiko Suwa  
7th Author's Affiliation Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
8th Author's Name Yuki Matsuda  
8th Author's Affiliation Okayama University (Okayama Univ.)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2026-05-15 14:10:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for SeMI 
Paper # SeMI2026-9 
Volume (vol) vol.126 
Number (no) no.15 
Page pp.45-50 
#Pages 6 
Date of Issue 2026-05-07 (SeMI) 

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