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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2026-06-06 13:00
Revisiting Mode Dependence in the Zipformer for Unified Streaming and Offline ASR
Wen Shen Teo, Yasuhiro Minami (UEC) SP2026-25
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Unified streaming/offline ASR aims to support multiple latency and context configurations within a single model. Prior dual-mode studies showed that joint training with an offline mode can improve streaming recognition, while also motivating mode-specific normalization to handle distribution mismatch between modes. Dynamic Chunk Training (DCT) extends this idea to many chunk sizes and left-context lengths, enabling configurable latency and wider-context rescoring, but may degrade performance at the narrowest streaming mode. In this work, we study whether mode-specific normalization can recover this degradation in a DCT-trained Zipformer. We compare single-mode, dual-mode, and 13-mode DCT systems with shared and mode-specific BiasNorm parameters.
Our results show that DCT improves cross-mode robustness but does not improve the boundary modes, and that mode-specific BiasNorm does not consistently close this gap.
Although mode-specific offsets do not reliably improve WER, they reveal a structured low-dimensional geometry largely explained by chunk size and left context. These findings suggest that mode-dependent normalization effects persist under DCT, but unconstrained per-mode normalization is not sufficient for robust performance gains.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) streaming ASR / offline ASR / zipformer / dual-mode ASR / dynamic chunk training / mode dependence / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 126, no. 58, SP2026-25, pp. 136-141, June 2026.
Paper # SP2026-25 
Date of Issue 2026-05-29 (SP) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Download PDF SP2026-25

Conference Information
Committee SP IPSJ-SLP IPSJ-MUS  
Conference Date 2026-06-05 - 2026-06-06 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) The University of Electro-Communications 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English)  
Paper Information
Registration To SP 
Conference Code 2026-06-SP-SLP-MUS 
Language English 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Revisiting Mode Dependence in the Zipformer for Unified Streaming and Offline ASR 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) streaming ASR  
Keyword(2) offline ASR  
Keyword(3) zipformer  
Keyword(4) dual-mode ASR  
Keyword(5) dynamic chunk training  
Keyword(6) mode dependence  
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Keyword(8)  
1st Author's Name Wen Shen Teo  
1st Author's Affiliation the University of Electro-Communications (UEC)
2nd Author's Name Yasuhiro Minami  
2nd Author's Affiliation the University of Electro-Communications (UEC)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2026-06-06 13:00:00 
Presentation Time 180 minutes 
Registration for SP 
Paper # SP2026-25 
Volume (vol) vol.126 
Number (no) no.58 
Page pp.136-141 
#Pages 6 
Date of Issue 2026-05-29 (SP) 

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