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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2026-07-15 14:15
Efficient Physical Zero-Knowledge Proofs for the Another Solution Problem
Futa Ito, Li Yang, Kazuo Sakiyama (UEC), Daiki Miyahara (UEC/AIST) ISEC2026-71 SITE2026-67 BioX2026-94 HWS2026-67 ICSS2026-86 EMM2026-78
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) The another solution problem (ASP) asks another distinct solution for a given problem and its known solution. Physical zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) protocols using a deck of playing cards have been widely studied for proving the existence of a solution. Very recently, we proposed a card-based ZKP protocol for any ASP, which extends an existing ZKP protocol for the original decision problem with a comparison protocol. In this study, we propose an efficient ZKP protocol for the ASP of Sudoku. This proposed protocol works only with numbered cards other than using an existing comparison protocol. Therefore, this result demonstrates that ZKPs for the ASP of Sudoku can be achieved using only numbered cards, matching the requirements of the existing protocols proposed by Gradwohl et al. and Sasaki et al.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Card-based cryptography / Zero-knowledge proof / Sudoku / Another Solution Problem / / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 126, no. 107, ISEC2026-71, pp. 415-421, July 2026.
Paper # ISEC2026-71 
Date of Issue 2026-07-06 (ISEC, SITE, BioX, HWS, ICSS, EMM) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
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reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Download PDF ISEC2026-71 SITE2026-67 BioX2026-94 HWS2026-67 ICSS2026-86 EMM2026-78

Conference Information
Committee BioX HWS ISEC SITE ICSS EMM IPSJ-CSEC IPSJ-SPT 
Conference Date 2026-07-13 - 2026-07-15 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Sapporo Convention Center 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English)  
Paper Information
Registration To ISEC 
Conference Code 2026-07-BioX-HWS-ISEC-SITE-ICSS-EMM-CSEC-SPT-SEC 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Efficient Physical Zero-Knowledge Proofs for the Another Solution Problem 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) Card-based cryptography  
Keyword(2) Zero-knowledge proof  
Keyword(3) Sudoku  
Keyword(4) Another Solution Problem  
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1st Author's Name Futa Ito  
1st Author's Affiliation The University of Electro-Communications (UEC)
2nd Author's Name Li Yang  
2nd Author's Affiliation The University of Electro-Communications (UEC)
3rd Author's Name Kazuo Sakiyama  
3rd Author's Affiliation The University of Electro-Communications (UEC)
4th Author's Name Daiki Miyahara  
4th Author's Affiliation The University of Electro-Communications (UEC/AIST)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2026-07-15 14:15:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for ISEC 
Paper # ISEC2026-71, SITE2026-67, BioX2026-94, HWS2026-67, ICSS2026-86, EMM2026-78 
Volume (vol) vol.126 
Number (no) no.107(ISEC), no.108(SITE), no.109(BioX), no.110(HWS), no.111(ICSS), no.112(EMM) 
Page pp.415-421 
#Pages 7 
Date of Issue 2026-07-06 (ISEC, SITE, BioX, HWS, ICSS, EMM) 

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