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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation
Is the ability of identifying a given [a] sound as phoneme /a/ necessary for spoken language competence?
Nobuaki Minematsu, Tazuko Nishimura (Univ. of Tokyo), Kyoko Sakuraba (Kiyose Welfare Center), Satoshi Asakawa, Daisuke Saito (Univ. of Tokyo) SP2007-30
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) A language generally has several tens of phonemes. Acoustic substances of the phoneme depend upon its phonemic environment and the context-sensitive phonemes are called allophones. The number of the allophones in a language is naturally much larger than that of the phonemes. Although the allophones represent finer acoustic differences between linguistic sounds, it is very strange that they completely ignore the acoustic variations in an allophone caused by differences in age, gender, microphone, room, etc. The triphones, which are acoustic models widely used in speech recognition, correspond to the allophones and the ignorance of the acoustic variations caused by the non-linguistic factors are implemented by collecting speech samples from an enormous number of speakers and training statistical acoustic models of the individual allophones. In this paper, it is mathematically shown that the ignorance can be realized not by collecting samples but by capturing timbral differences between two sounds. Then, the possibility of speaker-independent speech recognition only with a very small number of training speakers is experimentally examined. In the proposed framework, what is modeled is not the elementary sound substances, i.e., reductionism, but the holistic sound system exclusively composed of the timbral differences, i.e., holism.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) transform-invariance / timbral difference / relative sense of sounds / vocal imitation / language disorder / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 107, no. 165, SP2007-30, pp. 37-42, July 2007.
Paper # SP2007-30 
Date of Issue  
ISSN Print edition: ISSN 0913-5685    Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
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Conference Information
Committee SP  
Conference Date 2007-07-26 - 2007-07-27 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Toyama Prefectural University 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) Speech Production, Speech Perception, Hearing and Speech, etc. 
Paper Information
Registration To SP 
Conference Code 2007-07-SP 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Is the ability of identifying a given [a] sound as phoneme /a/ necessary for spoken language competence? 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) transform-invariance  
Keyword(2) timbral difference  
Keyword(3) relative sense of sounds  
Keyword(4) vocal imitation  
Keyword(5) language disorder  
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1st Author's Name Nobuaki Minematsu  
1st Author's Affiliation The University of Tokyo (Univ. of Tokyo)
2nd Author's Name Tazuko Nishimura  
2nd Author's Affiliation The University of Tokyo (Univ. of Tokyo)
3rd Author's Name Kyoko Sakuraba  
3rd Author's Affiliation Kiyose-shi Welfare Center for the Handicapped (Kiyose Welfare Center)
4th Author's Name Satoshi Asakawa  
4th Author's Affiliation The University of Tokyo (Univ. of Tokyo)
5th Author's Name Daisuke Saito  
5th Author's Affiliation The University of Tokyo (Univ. of Tokyo)
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Date Time  
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Registration for SP 
Paper # SP2007-30 
Volume (vol) vol.107 
Number (no) no.165 
Page pp.37-42 
#Pages 6 
Date of Issue  

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