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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2026-03-05 10:35
External Representation for Designing Thinking-Oriented Learning -- Learning by Reconstruction as Productive Puzzle- --
Tsukasa Hirashima (Hiroshima Univ.) ET2025-76
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) This paper organizes the Open-Information Structure Approach (OISA) as an instructional design framework that externalizes and shares cognitively plausible knowledge structures as manipulable representations, enabling learners to refine understanding through structured operations. It positions Reconstruction-Based Learning (RBL)—reconstructing an external representation from provided parts—as a core method within OISA. To prevent reconstruction from degrading into trial-and-error “just-fitting,” we discuss conditions for productive puzzleization by adding productive tasks such as anticipatory (hypothesis-driven) reconstruction and lightweight self-explanation. We further propose “learning puzzleization” as a design principle that deliberately preserves ill-definedness as learners’ need to complement structure and meaning while controlling the problem space to keep exploration feasible.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) External Representation, / Open Information Structure Approach / Reconstruction-Based Learning / Productive/Just-Fitting Puzzle / / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 125, no. 391, ET2025-76, pp. 104-111, March 2026.
Paper # ET2025-76 
Date of Issue 2026-02-25 (ET) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Download PDF ET2025-76

Conference Information
Committee ET  
Conference Date 2026-03-04 - 2026-03-05 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English)  
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
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Paper Information
Registration To ET 
Conference Code 2026-03-ET 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) External Representation for Designing Thinking-Oriented Learning 
Sub Title (in English) Learning by Reconstruction as Productive Puzzle- 
Keyword(1) External Representation,  
Keyword(2) Open Information Structure Approach  
Keyword(3) Reconstruction-Based Learning  
Keyword(4) Productive/Just-Fitting Puzzle  
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1st Author's Name Tsukasa Hirashima  
1st Author's Affiliation Hiroshima University (Hiroshima Univ.)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2026-03-05 10:35:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for ET 
Paper # ET2025-76 
Volume (vol) vol.125 
Number (no) no.391 
Page pp.104-111 
#Pages 8 
Date of Issue 2026-02-25 (ET) 

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