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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2026-05-09 10:55
From Answer-Seeking to Structure Exploration -- Reconstruction and What-if-not Based Exploration of Proportional Structures Using the Triangle Diagram --
Tsukasa Hirashima (Hiroshima Univ) ET2026-5
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) In learning arithmetic word problems, the process of reading the problem statement, determining appropriate operations, and obtaining the answer often becomes the central focus. As a result, the relational structure of quantities underlying the problem is not always treated explicitly as an object of learning. This study aims to shift the focus of learning from answer exploration to structure exploration by proposing a learning approach called learning that begins with answers. In this approach, learners start from problems that they are already able to solve and explore the underlying structures through structural reconstruction and condition modification using the What-if-not strategy. Through this process, learners investigate the conditions under which a structure holds and the ways in which it can be transformed. This paper presents a design of structure exploration learning based on the triangle diagram, an integrated domain model for proportional structures, using proportional relationships as a concrete example.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Structural Understanding / Learning that begins with answers / structural reconstruction / Double-triangle Diagram / / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 126, no. 12, ET2026-5, pp. 26-33, May 2026.
Paper # ET2026-5 
Date of Issue 2026-05-02 (ET) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Download PDF ET2026-5

Conference Information
Committee ET  
Conference Date 2026-05-09 - 2026-05-09 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Online 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) Online Learning, etc 
Paper Information
Registration To ET 
Conference Code 2026-05-ET 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) From Answer-Seeking to Structure Exploration 
Sub Title (in English) Reconstruction and What-if-not Based Exploration of Proportional Structures Using the Triangle Diagram 
Keyword(1) Structural Understanding  
Keyword(2) Learning that begins with answers  
Keyword(3) structural reconstruction  
Keyword(4) Double-triangle Diagram  
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1st Author's Name Tsukasa Hirashima  
1st Author's Affiliation Hiroshima University (Hiroshima Univ)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2026-05-09 10:55:00 
Presentation Time 25 minutes 
Registration for ET 
Paper # ET2026-5 
Volume (vol) vol.126 
Number (no) no.12 
Page pp.26-33 
#Pages 8 
Date of Issue 2026-05-02 (ET) 

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