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Paper Abstract and Keywords
Presentation 2026-07-22 18:10
Hybrid Positioning Method Combining Pseudorange and Frequency Measurements for LEO-PNT
Kaito Kobayashi, Nobuaki Kubo (TUMSAT) AP2026-49 SANE2026-41 SAT2026-21
Abstract (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) Low Earth Orbit Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (LEO‑PNT) has recently emerged as a promising backup to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), where LEO satellites broadcast pseudorange signals to support user positioning. However, because LEO satellites operate at much lower altitudes, each satellite provides limited ground coverage, resulting in fewer visible satellites compared with GNSS. When only three satellites are available, single‑epoch positioning using pseudorange measurements alone becomes challenging due to insufficient observability. This study addresses this limitation by incorporating Doppler measurements, which exhibit rapid temporal variation characteristic of LEO orbits. By jointly processing pseudorange and Doppler observations, the number of effective measurements per epoch is doubled, enabling single‑epoch hybrid positioning even under sparse satellite visibility. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid method significantly improves positioning accuracy relative to pseudorange‑only and Doppler‑only approaches. The achieved root‑mean‑square errors are approximately 20 m horizontally and 51 m vertically. This paper presents the hybrid positioning algorithm and evaluates its performance through detailed simulations, demonstrating the potential of LEO‑PNT to provide robust backup navigation capability under limited satellite geometry.
Keyword (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
(in English) LEO / Satellite Positioning / FOA / TOA / / / /  
Reference Info. IEICE Tech. Rep., vol. 126, no. 123, SANE2026-41, pp. 50-54, July 2026.
Paper # SANE2026-41 
Date of Issue 2026-07-15 (AP, SANE, SAT) 
ISSN Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380
Copyright
and
reproduction		 All rights are reserved and no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Notwithstanding, instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. (License No.: 10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034)
Download PDF AP2026-49 SANE2026-41 SAT2026-21

Conference Information
Committee SAT AP SANE  
Conference Date 2026-07-22 - 2026-07-24 
Place (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Place (in English) Kobe Port Oasis 
Topics (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Topics (in English) Remote sensing, Sattelite Communication, Radio propagation, Antennas and Propagation 
Paper Information
Registration To SANE 
Conference Code 2026-07-SAT-AP-SANE 
Language Japanese 
Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Sub Title (in Japanese) (See Japanese page) 
Title (in English) Hybrid Positioning Method Combining Pseudorange and Frequency Measurements for LEO-PNT 
Sub Title (in English)  
Keyword(1) LEO  
Keyword(2) Satellite Positioning  
Keyword(3) FOA  
Keyword(4) TOA  
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1st Author's Name Kaito Kobayashi  
1st Author's Affiliation Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT)
2nd Author's Name Nobuaki Kubo  
2nd Author's Affiliation Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT)
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Speaker Author-1 
Date Time 2026-07-22 18:10:00 
Presentation Time 20 minutes 
Registration for SANE 
Paper # AP2026-49, SANE2026-41, SAT2026-21 
Volume (vol) vol.126 
Number (no) no.122(AP), no.123(SANE), no.124(SAT) 
Page pp.42-46(AP), pp.50-54(SANE), pp.41-45(SAT) 
#Pages 5 
Date of Issue 2026-07-15 (AP, SANE, SAT) 

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