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| 講演名 | 2014-08-13 14:00 ［招待講演］The interaction of working memory and expectation-based processes in sentence comprehension ○Shravan Vasishth・Samar Husain（Univ. of Potsdam）  TL2014-32 |
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| 抄録 | （和） | Husain and colleagues [1] have shown using self-paced reading that, in Hindi, when the expectation for an upcoming head is strong (i.e., when the exact identity of a head is highly predictable), delaying the appearance of the head leads to facilitation in processing (the anti-locality effect); but when the expectation is weak (i.e., when only a verb is highly predictable, but its exact identity is not), increasing distance leads to a tendency towards a classical locality effect of the type that Grodner and Gibson have found [2]. Building on this work, two self-paced reading experiments involving Hindi show that strong and weak expectation (in the sense of Husain and colleagues) interacts with reactivation, which has been proposed as an explanation for anti-locality effects [3]. The reactivation explanation for anti-locality effects is that increasing distance by interposing material between a dependent and a head can result in facilitation in processing at the head if the interposed material attaches to the upcoming head, because this attachment process boosts the activation of the predicted head phrase. We show that when expectation is weak (i.e., when the exact identity of a verb is not predictable), reactivation effects appear, and when expectation is strong, reactivation effects disappear. This result suggests that strong expectation may lead to high activation of the predicted phrase, with the consequence that reactivating an already highly active element yields no processing advantage; by contrast, when expectation is weak (in Husain et al's sense), the activation of the predicted phrase is low, with the consequence that reactivating a phrase with low activation leads to an activation boost, causing a facilitation in processing. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of an interaction between (re)activation and expectation in sentence comprehension. |
| （英） | Husain and colleagues [1] have shown using self-paced reading that, in Hindi, when the expectation for an upcoming head is strong (i.e., when the exact identity of a head is highly predictable), delaying the appearance of the head leads to facilitation in processing (the anti-locality effect); but when the expectation is weak (i.e., when only a verb is highly predictable, but its exact identity is not), increasing distance leads to a tendency towards a classical locality effect of the type that Grodner and Gibson have found [2]. Building on this work, two self-paced reading experiments involving Hindi show that strong and weak expectation (in the sense of Husain and colleagues) interacts with reactivation, which has been proposed as an explanation for anti-locality effects [3]. The reactivation explanation for anti-locality effects is that increasing distance by interposing material between a dependent and a head can result in facilitation in processing at the head if the interposed material attaches to the upcoming head, because this attachment process boosts the activation of the predicted head phrase. We show that when expectation is weak (i.e., when the exact identity of a verb is not predictable), reactivation effects appear, and when expectation is strong, reactivation effects disappear. This result suggests that strong expectation may lead to high activation of the predicted phrase, with the consequence that reactivating an already highly active element yields no processing advantage; by contrast, when expectation is weak (in Husain et al's sense), the activation of the predicted phrase is low, with the consequence that reactivating a phrase with low activation leads to an activation boost, causing a facilitation in processing. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of an interaction between (re)activation and expectation in sentence comprehension. |
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| キーワード | （和） | sentence comprehension / expectation / locality / reactivation / self-paced reading / Hindi / / |
| （英） | sentence comprehension / expectation / locality / reactivation / self-paced reading / Hindi / / | |
| 文献情報 | 信学技報, vol. 114, no. 176, TL2014-32, pp. 113-114, 2014年8月. | |
| 資料番号 | TL2014-32 | |
| 発行日 | 2014-08-05 (TL) | |
| ISSN | Print edition: ISSN 0913-5685 Online edition: ISSN 2432-6380 | |
| 著作権に ついて |
技術研究報告に掲載された論文の著作権は電子情報通信学会に帰属します．(許諾番号：10GA0019/12GB0052/13GB0056/17GB0034/18GB0034) | |
| PDFダウンロード | TL2014-32 |
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| 研究会情報 | |
| 研究会 | TL |
| 開催期間 | 2014-08-12 - 2014-08-13 |
| 開催地（和） | 東京大学 駒場キャンパス １８号館ホール |
| 開催地（英） | The University of Tokyo (Komaba) 18 Bldg. Hall |
| テーマ（和） | 人間の言語の処理・学習 |
| テーマ（英） | Mental Architecture for Processing and Learning of Language |
| 講演論文情報の詳細 | |
| 申込み研究会 | TL |
| 会議コード | 2014-08-TL |
| 本文の言語 | 英語 |
| タイトル（和） | |
| サブタイトル（和） | |
| タイトル（英） | The interaction of working memory and expectation-based processes in sentence comprehension |
| サブタイトル（英） | |
| キーワード(1)（和/英） | sentence comprehension / sentence comprehension |
| キーワード(2)（和/英） | expectation / expectation |
| キーワード(3)（和/英） | locality / locality |
| キーワード(4)（和/英） | reactivation / reactivation |
| キーワード(5)（和/英） | self-paced reading / self-paced reading |
| キーワード(6)（和/英） | Hindi / Hindi |
| キーワード(7)（和/英） | / |
| キーワード(8)（和/英） | / |
| 第1著者 氏名（和/英/ヨミ） | Shravan Vasishth / Shravan Vasishth / |
| 第1著者 所属（和/英） | University of Potsdam (略称： Univ. of Potsdam) University of Potsdam (略称： Univ. of Potsdam) |
| 第2著者 氏名（和/英/ヨミ） | Samar Husain / Samar Husain / |
| 第2著者 所属（和/英） | University of Potsdam (略称： Univ. of Potsdam) University of Potsdam (略称： Univ. of Potsdam) |
| 講演者 | 第1著者 |
| 発表日時 | 2014-08-13 14:00:00 |
| 発表時間 | 50分 |
| 申込先研究会 | TL |
| 資料番号 | TL2014-32 |
| 巻番号（vol） | vol.114 |
| 号番号（no） | no.176 |
| ページ範囲 | pp.113-114 |
| ページ数 | 2 |
| 発行日 | 2014-08-05 (TL) |
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